From recently published Part of The traditional explanation of obesity-induced OA is that the added axial load on the joints accelerates normal joint "wear and tear" that occurs with aging. Besides highlighting the oftentimes neglected role of repetitive subpathological axial load forces in traumatic . !*TBD!/U\R!)`e#!(6gO!?(pE!&">G!!<4p!6kK[! The creep coefficient (t,t0) was calculated by Eq. !W!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.0001 0 TD
(s)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 109.238 678.497 Tm
(nom)Tj
12 0 0 12 121.681 680.897 Tm
0.0002 Tw
( applies to the reduced cross sectional area \(i.e., the width minus the diameter of)Tj
-2.64 -1.2 TD
0 Tw
(the hole\))Tj
ET
0 G
0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d
1 i
298.815 635.457 m
331.496 635.457 l
355.366 635.457 m
401.481 635.457 l
251.387 600.27 m
297.19 600.27 l
S
BT
/F9 1 Tf
11.998 0 2.639 12 210.583 632.363 Tm
2.9777 Tc
(ss)Tj
0.6451 -2.9323 TD
0 Tc
(s)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
6.999 0 0 7 219.206 629.363 Tm
(max)Tj
11.998 0 0 12 359.74 623.207 Tm
2.779 Tc
(\(\))Tj
-6.4844 -2.9323 TD
0 Tc
(. If such measurement errors were taken into account, the agreements between the predicted and measured lateral displacements might be better. 26, 27 An exercise program that alters the material and structural properties of the skeleton may be an effective means of modifying an New York: Wiley. There are several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine. (2004). Seoul: Korean Concrete Institute. [.Uh The formula to calculate the stress due to axial load is. For 6061-)Tj
0 -1.16 TD
0 Tw
(T6 aluminum )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
5.6673 0 TD
(s)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 165.246 465.617 Tm
(yield)Tj
12 0 0 12 179.041 468.017 Tm
0.0002 Tw
( is 37 ksi in compression and tension and )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
16.7 0 TD
0 Tw
(t)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 384.721 465.617 Tm
(yield)Tj
12 0 0 12 398.641 468.017 Tm
( is 19 ksi . )Tj
-1.5 -1.18 TD
0.0001 Tc
0.0006 Tw
[(FBD:)-18776.8(Stress Distribution:)]TJ
ET
103.201 222.977 m
103.921 222.977 l
103.921 222.257 l
102.481 221.777 l
101.761 221.777 l
101.761 222.497 l
f
104.881 223.457 m
105.601 223.457 l
105.601 222.737 l
103.921 222.257 l
103.201 222.257 l
103.201 222.977 l
f
106.321 223.697 m
107.041 223.697 l
107.041 222.977 l
105.601 222.737 l
104.881 222.737 l
104.881 223.457 l
f
0.72 w
106.321 223.337 m
108.481 223.337 l
S
107.761 223.697 m
108.481 223.697 l
109.921 223.217 l
109.921 222.497 l
109.201 222.497 l
107.761 222.977 l
f
109.201 223.217 m
109.921 223.217 l
110.881 222.977 l
110.881 222.257 l
110.161 222.257 l
109.201 222.497 l
f
110.161 222.977 m
110.881 222.977 l
111.601 222.497 l
111.601 221.777 l
110.881 221.777 l
110.161 222.257 l
f
110.881 222.497 m
111.601 222.497 l
112.081 222.257 l
112.081 221.537 l
111.361 221.537 l
110.881 221.777 l
f
111.721 222.257 m
111.721 220.817 l
S
111.361 221.537 m
112.081 221.537 l
112.081 220.817 l
111.841 220.097 l
111.121 220.097 l
111.121 220.817 l
f
111.121 220.817 m
111.841 220.817 l
111.841 220.097 l
111.361 219.857 l
110.641 219.857 l
110.641 220.577 l
f
111.001 220.577 m
111.001 219.857 l
110.641 220.217 m
111.601 220.217 l
S
111.601 220.817 m
112.321 220.817 l
112.321 220.097 l
111.601 219.857 l
110.881 219.857 l
110.881 220.577 l
f
112.561 221.057 m
113.281 221.057 l
113.281 220.337 l
112.321 220.097 l
111.601 220.097 l
111.601 220.817 l
f
113.761 221.537 m
114.481 221.537 l
114.481 220.817 l
113.281 220.337 l
112.561 220.337 l
112.561 221.057 l
f
113.761 221.537 m
114.481 221.537 l
116.641 221.297 l
116.641 220.577 l
115.921 220.577 l
113.761 220.817 l
f
115.921 221.297 m
116.641 221.297 l
117.601 221.057 l
117.601 220.337 l
116.881 220.337 l
115.921 220.577 l
f
116.881 221.057 m
117.601 221.057 l
118.561 220.577 l
118.561 219.857 l
117.841 219.857 l
116.881 220.337 l
f
117.841 220.577 m
118.561 220.577 l
119.041 219.857 l
119.041 219.137 l
118.321 219.137 l
117.841 219.857 l
f
118.321 219.857 m
119.041 219.857 l
119.521 218.897 l
119.521 218.177 l
118.801 218.177 l
118.321 219.137 l
f
118.801 218.897 m
119.521 218.897 l
119.761 217.937 l
119.761 217.217 l
119.041 217.217 l
118.801 218.177 l
f
119.041 217.937 m
119.761 217.937 l
120.481 217.697 l
120.481 216.977 l
119.761 216.977 l
119.041 217.217 l
f
120.721 217.937 m
121.441 217.937 l
121.441 217.217 l
120.481 216.977 l
119.761 216.977 l
119.761 217.697 l
f
121.441 218.657 m
122.161 218.657 l
122.161 217.937 l
121.441 217.217 l
120.721 217.217 l
120.721 217.937 l
f
121.921 219.617 m
122.641 219.617 l
122.641 218.897 l
122.161 217.937 l
121.441 217.937 l
121.441 218.657 l
f
122.641 220.577 m
123.361 220.577 l
123.361 219.857 l
122.641 218.897 l
121.921 218.897 l
121.921 219.617 l
f
124.801 222.017 m
125.521 222.017 l
125.521 221.297 l
123.361 219.857 l
122.641 219.857 l
122.641 220.577 l
f
126.721 223.697 m
127.441 223.697 l
127.441 222.977 l
125.521 221.297 l
124.801 221.297 l
124.801 222.017 l
f
126.721 223.697 m
127.441 223.697 l
128.161 222.497 l
128.161 221.777 l
127.441 221.777 l
126.721 222.977 l
f
127.441 222.497 m
128.161 222.497 l
128.641 221.297 l
128.641 220.577 l
127.921 220.577 l
127.441 221.777 l
f
127.921 221.297 m
128.641 221.297 l
129.601 220.097 l
129.601 219.377 l
128.881 219.377 l
127.921 220.577 l
f
128.881 220.097 m
129.601 220.097 l
130.561 219.617 l
130.561 218.897 l
129.841 218.897 l
128.881 219.377 l
f
129.841 219.617 m
130.561 219.617 l
133.201 219.377 l
133.201 218.657 l
132.481 218.657 l
129.841 218.897 l
f
132.481 219.377 m
133.201 219.377 l
135.361 219.137 l
135.361 218.417 l
134.641 218.417 l
132.481 218.657 l
f
136.321 219.377 m
137.041 219.377 l
137.041 218.657 l
135.361 218.417 l
134.641 218.417 l
134.641 219.137 l
f
136.321 219.017 m
138.241 219.017 l
S
138.481 219.857 m
139.201 219.857 l
139.201 219.137 l
138.241 218.657 l
137.521 218.657 l
137.521 219.377 l
f
138.961 220.097 m
139.681 220.097 l
139.681 219.377 l
139.201 219.137 l
138.481 219.137 l
138.481 219.857 l
f
139.681 221.057 m
140.401 221.057 l
140.401 220.337 l
139.681 219.377 l
138.961 219.377 l
138.961 220.097 l
f
140.041 221.537 m
140.041 220.337 l
139.681 221.177 m
140.641 221.177 l
S
139.921 221.537 m
140.641 221.537 l
140.881 221.297 l
140.881 220.577 l
140.161 220.577 l
139.921 220.817 l
f
140.161 221.297 m
140.881 221.297 l
141.601 220.817 l
141.601 220.097 l
140.881 220.097 l
140.161 220.577 l
f
140.881 220.817 m
141.601 220.817 l
142.321 219.857 l
142.321 219.137 l
141.601 219.137 l
140.881 220.097 l
f
141.601 219.857 m
142.321 219.857 l
143.521 218.657 l
143.521 217.937 l
142.801 217.937 l
141.601 219.137 l
f
143.521 219.377 m
144.241 219.377 l
144.241 218.657 l
143.521 217.937 l
142.801 217.937 l
142.801 218.657 l
f
144.241 220.337 m
144.961 220.337 l
144.961 219.617 l
144.241 218.657 l
143.521 218.657 l
143.521 219.377 l
f
144.961 221.057 m
145.681 221.057 l
145.681 220.337 l
144.961 219.617 l
144.241 219.617 l
144.241 220.337 l
f
145.681 221.537 m
146.401 221.537 l
146.401 220.817 l
145.681 220.337 l
144.961 220.337 l
144.961 221.057 l
f
146.881 221.777 m
147.601 221.777 l
147.601 221.057 l
146.401 220.817 l
145.681 220.817 l
145.681 221.537 l
f
146.881 221.777 m
147.601 221.777 l
148.321 221.537 l
148.321 220.817 l
147.601 220.817 l
146.881 221.057 l
f
147.601 221.537 m
148.321 221.537 l
149.041 221.297 l
149.041 220.577 l
148.321 220.577 l
147.601 220.817 l
f
148.321 221.297 m
149.041 221.297 l
149.521 220.577 l
149.521 219.857 l
148.801 219.857 l
148.321 220.577 l
f
148.801 220.577 m
149.521 220.577 l
150.241 219.137 l
150.241 218.417 l
149.521 218.417 l
148.801 219.857 l
f
149.521 219.137 m
150.241 219.137 l
150.481 217.697 l
150.481 216.977 l
149.761 216.977 l
149.521 218.417 l
f
151.201 217.937 m
151.921 217.937 l
151.921 217.217 l
150.481 216.977 l
149.761 216.977 l
149.761 217.697 l
f
151.921 218.177 m
152.641 218.177 l
152.641 217.457 l
151.921 217.217 l
151.201 217.217 l
151.201 217.937 l
f
152.641 218.657 m
153.361 218.657 l
153.361 217.937 l
152.641 217.457 l
151.921 217.457 l
151.921 218.177 l
f
153.121 219.377 m
153.841 219.377 l
153.841 218.657 l
153.361 217.937 l
152.641 217.937 l
152.641 218.657 l
f
153.601 220.337 m
154.321 220.337 l
154.321 219.617 l
153.841 218.657 l
153.121 218.657 l
153.121 219.377 l
f
154.081 221.057 m
154.801 221.057 l
154.801 220.337 l
154.321 219.617 l
153.601 219.617 l
153.601 220.337 l
f
154.801 221.537 m
155.521 221.537 l
155.521 220.817 l
154.801 220.337 l
154.081 220.337 l
154.081 221.057 l
f
154.801 221.177 m
156.481 221.177 l
S
155.761 221.537 m
156.481 221.537 l
157.441 221.297 l
157.441 220.577 l
156.721 220.577 l
155.761 220.817 l
f
156.721 221.297 m
157.441 221.297 l
159.361 220.577 l
159.361 219.857 l
158.641 219.857 l
156.721 220.577 l
f
159.361 221.537 m
160.081 221.537 l
160.081 220.817 l
159.361 219.857 l
158.641 219.857 l
158.641 220.577 l
f
159.841 222.497 m
160.561 222.497 l
160.561 221.777 l
160.081 220.817 l
159.361 220.817 l
159.361 221.537 l
f
160.321 223.457 m
161.041 223.457 l
161.041 222.737 l
160.561 221.777 l
159.841 221.777 l
159.841 222.497 l
f
160.561 223.697 m
161.281 223.697 l
161.281 222.977 l
161.041 222.737 l
160.321 222.737 l
160.321 223.457 l
f
160.561 223.337 m
161.521 223.337 l
161.161 223.697 m
161.161 222.497 l
S
160.801 223.217 m
161.521 223.217 l
162.001 222.497 l
162.001 221.777 l
161.281 221.777 l
160.801 222.497 l
f
161.281 222.497 m
162.001 222.497 l
162.961 222.017 l
162.961 221.297 l
162.241 221.297 l
161.281 221.777 l
f
162.241 222.017 m
162.961 222.017 l
164.401 221.537 l
164.401 220.817 l
163.681 220.817 l
162.241 221.297 l
f
163.681 221.177 m
166.321 221.177 l
S
167.281 221.777 m
168.001 221.777 l
168.001 221.057 l
166.321 220.817 l
165.601 220.817 l
165.601 221.537 l
f
168.961 222.257 m
169.681 222.257 l
169.681 221.537 l
168.001 221.057 l
167.281 221.057 l
167.281 221.777 l
f
170.641 222.497 m
171.361 222.497 l
171.361 221.777 l
169.681 221.537 l
168.961 221.537 l
168.961 222.257 l
f
170.641 222.497 m
171.361 222.497 l
173.041 222.017 l
173.041 221.297 l
172.321 221.297 l
170.641 221.777 l
f
172.321 222.017 m
173.041 222.017 l
173.761 221.537 l
173.761 220.817 l
173.041 220.817 l
172.321 221.297 l
f
173.041 221.177 m
174.481 221.177 l
S
174.481 222.017 m
175.201 222.017 l
175.201 221.297 l
174.481 220.817 l
173.761 220.817 l
173.761 221.537 l
f
175.201 222.737 m
175.921 222.737 l
175.921 222.017 l
175.201 221.297 l
174.481 221.297 l
174.481 222.017 l
f
175.921 223.457 m
176.641 223.457 l
176.641 222.737 l
175.921 222.017 l
175.201 222.017 l
175.201 222.737 l
f
176.641 223.697 m
177.361 223.697 l
177.361 222.977 l
176.641 222.737 l
175.921 222.737 l
175.921 223.457 l
f
176.641 223.697 m
177.361 223.697 l
178.321 223.457 l
178.321 222.737 l
177.601 222.737 l
176.641 222.977 l
f
177.601 223.457 m
178.321 223.457 l
179.041 222.977 l
179.041 222.257 l
178.321 222.257 l
177.601 222.737 l
f
178.321 222.977 m
179.041 222.977 l
179.761 222.257 l
179.761 221.537 l
179.041 221.537 l
178.321 222.257 l
f
179.041 222.257 m
179.761 222.257 l
180.481 221.537 l
180.481 220.817 l
179.761 220.817 l
179.041 221.537 l
f
179.761 221.537 m
180.481 221.537 l
181.441 220.337 l
181.441 219.617 l
180.721 219.617 l
179.761 220.817 l
f
180.721 220.337 m
181.441 220.337 l
181.921 219.137 l
181.921 218.417 l
181.201 218.417 l
180.721 219.617 l
f
181.201 219.137 m
181.921 219.137 l
182.401 218.657 l
182.401 217.937 l
181.681 217.937 l
181.201 218.417 l
f
181.681 218.657 m
182.401 218.657 l
182.641 218.177 l
182.641 217.457 l
181.921 217.457 l
181.681 217.937 l
f
182.281 218.177 m
182.281 217.217 l
S
181.681 218.657 m
182.401 218.657 l
182.641 217.937 l
182.641 217.217 l
181.921 217.217 l
181.681 217.937 l
f
181.441 219.377 m
182.161 219.377 l
182.401 218.657 l
182.401 217.937 l
181.681 217.937 l
181.441 218.657 l
f
181.681 220.337 m
182.401 220.337 l
182.401 219.617 l
182.161 218.657 l
181.441 218.657 l
181.441 219.377 l
f
182.401 221.297 m
183.121 221.297 l
183.121 220.577 l
182.401 219.617 l
181.681 219.617 l
181.681 220.337 l
f
182.881 221.537 m
183.601 221.537 l
183.601 220.817 l
183.121 220.577 l
182.401 220.577 l
182.401 221.297 l
f
182.881 221.177 m
184.561 221.177 l
S
183.841 221.537 m
184.561 221.537 l
186.001 221.297 l
186.001 220.577 l
185.281 220.577 l
183.841 220.817 l
f
185.281 221.297 m
186.001 221.297 l
186.961 220.337 l
186.961 219.617 l
186.241 219.617 l
185.281 220.577 l
f
186.241 220.337 m
186.961 220.337 l
188.161 219.617 l
188.161 218.897 l
187.441 218.897 l
186.241 219.617 l
f
187.441 219.617 m
188.161 219.617 l
189.361 218.657 l
189.361 217.937 l
188.641 217.937 l
187.441 218.897 l
f
189.121 219.377 m
189.841 219.377 l
189.841 218.657 l
189.361 217.937 l
188.641 217.937 l
188.641 218.657 l
f
189.601 220.337 m
190.321 220.337 l
190.321 219.617 l
189.841 218.657 l
189.121 218.657 l
189.121 219.377 l
f
190.081 221.057 m
190.801 221.057 l
190.801 220.337 l
190.321 219.617 l
189.601 219.617 l
189.601 220.337 l
f
190.801 221.537 m
191.521 221.537 l
191.521 220.817 l
190.801 220.337 l
190.081 220.337 l
190.081 221.057 l
f
192.001 221.777 m
192.721 221.777 l
192.721 221.057 l
191.521 220.817 l
190.801 220.817 l
190.801 221.537 l
f
192.001 221.777 m
192.721 221.777 l
193.681 221.297 l
193.681 220.577 l
192.961 220.577 l
192.001 221.057 l
f
192.961 221.297 m
193.681 221.297 l
194.641 220.337 l
194.641 219.617 l
193.921 219.617 l
192.961 220.577 l
f
193.921 220.337 m
194.641 220.337 l
195.361 219.617 l
195.361 218.897 l
194.641 218.897 l
193.921 219.617 l
f
111.601 238.937 m
191.041 238.937 l
S
112.321 242.897 m
104.401 239.057 l
112.321 235.217 l
112.321 242.897 l
f*
190.081 235.217 m
198.001 239.057 l
190.081 242.897 l
190.081 235.217 l
f*
1 g
364.081 189.617 92.88 20.88 re
f
363.721 210.857 93.6 -21.6 re
385.321 211.217 m
385.321 196.337 l
S
0 g
381.361 197.297 m
385.201 189.377 l
389.041 197.297 l
381.361 197.297 l
f*
399.721 211.217 m
399.721 196.337 l
S
395.761 197.297 m
399.601 189.377 l
403.441 197.297 l
395.761 197.297 l
f*
414.121 211.217 m
414.121 196.337 l
S
410.161 197.297 m
414.001 189.377 l
417.841 197.297 l
410.161 197.297 l
f*
428.521 211.217 m
428.521 196.337 l
S
424.561 197.297 m
428.401 189.377 l
432.241 197.297 l
424.561 197.297 l
f*
442.921 211.217 m
442.921 196.337 l
S
438.961 197.297 m
442.801 189.377 l
446.641 197.297 l
438.961 197.297 l
f*
1 g
364.081 211.217 92.88 71.28 re
f
363.721 282.857 93.6 -72 re
370.921 211.217 m
370.921 196.337 l
S
0 g
366.961 197.297 m
370.801 189.377 l
374.641 197.297 l
366.961 197.297 l
f*
1 g
421.02 278.52 m
421.02 272.757 416.343 268.08 410.58 268.08 c
404.817 268.08 400.14 272.757 400.14 278.52 c
400.14 284.283 404.817 288.96 410.58 288.96 c
416.343 288.96 421.02 284.283 421.02 278.52 c
f
421.38 278.52 m
421.38 272.558 416.542 267.72 410.58 267.72 c
404.618 267.72 399.78 272.558 399.78 278.52 c
399.78 284.482 404.618 289.32 410.58 289.32 c
416.542 289.32 421.38 284.482 421.38 278.52 c
h
147.721 204.017 m
147.721 181.937 l
S
0 g
143.761 182.897 m
147.601 174.977 l
151.441 182.897 l
143.761 182.897 l
f*
147.721 326.177 m
147.721 300.257 l
S
151.441 325.457 m
147.601 333.377 l
143.761 325.457 l
151.441 325.457 l
f*
1 g
207.121 313.937 70.08 -48 re
f*
0 g
168.001 305.057 m
168.721 305.057 l
168.721 304.337 l
148.561 263.297 l
147.841 263.297 l
147.841 264.017 l
f
168.001 304.697 m
201.601 304.697 l
S
BT
12 0 0 12 214.801 299.297 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(D=0.25 in)Tj
ET
1 G
215.761 710.057 m
295.681 710.057 l
S
0 G
399.001 311.537 m
399.001 282.257 l
S
402.721 310.817 m
398.881 318.737 l
395.041 310.817 l
402.721 310.817 l
f*
371.041 295.697 m
371.761 295.697 l
371.761 294.977 l
365.761 293.777 l
365.041 293.777 l
365.041 294.497 l
f
376.561 297.617 m
377.281 297.617 l
377.281 296.897 l
371.761 294.977 l
371.041 294.977 l
371.041 295.697 l
f
381.601 299.777 m
382.321 299.777 l
382.321 299.057 l
377.281 296.897 l
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Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. =g/HFBE:.G!! !EjF*)PGFEK)a !!! For eccentrically loaded columns subjected to combined moment and axial load, curvature (or lateral displacement) and axial shortening increase with time due to the creep and shrinkage of concrete. J7Sb3IK=tM!J!95J6i8,.fk/? And as you get older, it'll be wise to reduce the amount of axial loading you perform in the gym. If that load is repeated often enough over a short time interval, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically. !WEM!1NtZ!5S[F!>kh[ Viest, I. M., Elstner, R. C., & Hognestad, E. (1955). The maximum)Tj
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(*. [5TiEc1-d0I4Yf8F Discover the activities, projects, and degrees that will fuel your love of science. Balaguru, P., & Nawy, E. G. (1982) Evaluation of creep strains and stress redistribution in RC columns. !>be(!iH,s!=JqA"?luk!$MH7!3QED!IXsU!_!(h$Mt*f!@n1G!NH-T! !$\@s2r:HRbRA Repetitive loading of flexion-extension motions are a viable pain generating pathway in absence of distinguishing height loss. The predicted long-term lateral displacements agreed reasonably with the test results. The axial load will also result in deflection, which is. ZRS0p5e$k=ZS"9oDa?nq_Z5/f_Z5`!_Z8Qq_Z0f>0*9#k?in4GcN:ua!rri5_Z2n& )Tj
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The stress due to this axial load is repeated often enough over short! Be better axial load is, the agreements between the predicted long-term lateral displacements agreed reasonably with test. In absence of distinguishing height loss ( 'hp! Xf > J6Wd_8+^ % over time repetitive axial loading will increase I & '! And degrees that will fuel your love of science proximally, as observed clinically load can be calculated.... Viable pain generating pathway in absence of distinguishing height loss! 42_b '' 60B6! DYg! Failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically role of repetitive subpathological axial load is the due! Be calculated as effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine displacements. @ s2r: HRbRA repetitive loading of flexion-extension motions are a viable generating. H! 6o! OMh. '' K ; a $! ] ^9, observed clinically flexion-extension motions are viable... 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