Less isolated oceanic islands that were once uninhabited, such as the Bonin Islands, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands, have since been sparsely populated by citizens of their political administrators. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands were defined by James as falling within the organization's geographical parameters. This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. Population: Overall total population (both sexes and all ages) in the region as of July 1 of the year indicated, as estimated by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. What Is The Population Of Oceania? Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. What is the most populated city in Oceania? [123] Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the Cocos Plate, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. [239] The oldest member disappearing by way of the plate tectonics cycle is early-Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago). [169] The UN's name for the Australasia subregion is "Australia and New Zealand"; their definition includes New Zealand, but places Papua New Guinea in Melanesia. OCEANIA. For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. Australia and New Zealand's trading arrangements are known as Closer Economic Relations. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. 75 million. Oceania. The term Oceania is usually used to denote the region . Natural Resources, such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold, are mined in Australia and Solomon Islands. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. "[138], In his 1994 book Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). [6][7] Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903sqmi) and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . In statistics, population may refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. The Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and the United States. A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap and Pohnpei. It covers an area of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. [89] New Zealand were categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. The Solomon Islands would have the highest population growth rate of 2.49%, followed by Vanuatu (2.38%). [82][83] Wallace insisted while the surface area of this wide definition was greater than that of Asia and Europe combined, the land area was only a little greater than that of Europe. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. In 2019, Australia saw 8.7 million foreign visitors. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. On the other hand, the highest mountain in continental Oceania is Kosciuszko with 2,228 meters above sea level. It corresponds to the following formula: projection, It corresponds to the calculation: projection, It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG, "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for International Student Assessment, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population&oldid=1137423444, Lists of countries by continent, by population, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:56. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. [442] Australia's team the Wallabies have also managed to win the World Cup twice, despite Rugby union being less popular among Australians. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. The Population and Public Health Branch ensures that core public health . [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Trend toward larger states A. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. [282], To the southwest of the region, in the Australian landmass, the climate is mostly desert or semi-arid, with the southern coastal corners having a temperate climate, such as oceanic and humid subtropical climate in the east coast and Mediterranean climate in the west. Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. Fukudome, Shigeru, "Hawaii Operation". [291] Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding 7,600mm (300in) each year in certain mountainous locations. 2.5 million), Perth (pop. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. [152][153] Scottish author Robert Hope Moncrieff considered Clipperton to be the easternmost point of Oceania in 1907, while Ian Todd also included it in his definition of Oceania in Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama. [58] They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; Near Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia, which has shown to be not a pertinent category in respect to the geography, archeology, culture, language and human history of the region. The Oceania is the continent least populated in the world, with a population density of 5hab./km. The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. They became known as the Chamorros. For Australia and New Zealand, 85% of the population lives in urban areas, while on the islands most people live in rural areas. 3. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. One surviving ship led by Juan Sebastin Elcano returned west across the Indian Ocean and the other went north in the hope of finding the westerlies and reaching Mexico. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. [29] John Eperjesi's 2005 book The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture says that it has "been used by western cartographers since the mid-19th century to give order to the complexities of the Pacific area. To ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel down 910-metre (3,000ft) cliffs to brush pollen onto their stigmas. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. . "[91] It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject". The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. (2001 est.) According to our estimations, daily change rates of Oceania population in 2023 will be the following: As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania [123] Additionally, the book includes Taiwan and the entire Malay archipelago as part of Oceania. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. [80] The Bonin Islands (adjacent to Micronesia) at that time were a possession of Britain; Macquarie Island, to the south of Tasmania, is a subantarctic island in the Pacific. Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. [275] The goanna is a predatory lizard native to the Australian mainland. Unlike the United Nations, the World Factbook defines the still-uninhabited Clipperton Island as being a discrete political entity, and they categorize it as part of North America, presumably due to its relative proximity (situated 1,200 kilometers off Mexico on the Pacific Plate). [339], Large areas of New Guinea are unexplored by scientists and anthropologists due to extensive forestation and mountainous terrain. [190] It is believed that the first early human migration to Australia was achieved when this landmass formed part of the Sahul continent, connected to the island of New Guinea via a land bridge. Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. [84], American geographer Jesse Olney's 1845 book A Practical System of Modern Geography stated that it "comprises the numerous isles of the Pacific, lying south east of Asia." [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. [67] This is due to their location in the center of the Pacific, their biogeography and their oceanic geology. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. The bulk of thepopulation(92.1%) is concentrated in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea,with a strong presence of immigrants or descendants of European settlers. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. [92], The 1926 book Modern World History, 1776-1926: A Survey of the Origins and Development of Contemporary Civilization, by Alexander Clarence Flick, considered Oceania to include all islands in the Pacific, and associated the term with the Malay archipelago, the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (then known as Formosa) and the Kuril Islands (currently administered by Russia, but which were then partly split between Japan and Russia). In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area. The highest mountain in continental Oceania is the Kosciuszko with 2228 meters above sea level. "[100], In a 1972 article for the Music Educators Journal titled Musics of Oceania, author Raymond F. Kennedy wrote, "many meanings have been given to the word Oceania. 2. Encompassing the two most highly populated countries in the world - China and India - Asia is by far the largest of the continents, with a total population of over 4.5 billion people. [221], The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,[222][223] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. [465], Melbourne hosts the Australian Open every year, considered one of the four major Grand Slam tournaments in tennis. [311][312] A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia,[311] 93% in Micronesia[311] and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. [56][57], The new terms Near Oceania and Remote Oceania were proposed in 1973 by anthropologists Roger Green and Andrew Pawley. 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