Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Careful consideration was made during this phase. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. perceived benefits. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Montazeri et al. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. 5. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. Our . Jul 2018. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. 3099067 The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). Registered in England & Wales No. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. It is a symbol of love. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. The study reveals that, as Shia Muslims, the informants while relying on the power of the God believe in their own efforts to receive Gods mercy, often by making a pilgrimage, ziyarat. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. The whole life, since our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. One will find different cities have varying reputations from one another, whilst rural areas can have almost entirely different traditions and values. I should make myself a better person. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Article. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. . Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. (p. 138). Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. . When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. I did Nazr without understanding why. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. We found two patterns. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. 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