If you or your child has hypodontia, here are some questions to consider asking your healthcare provider: Hypodontia is a congenital condition characterized by one to six missing teeth. 93, no. Missing posterior teeth may not only result in further deepening of the bite, but the condition may also lead to nonworking interferences, poor gingival contours, and overeruption of the opposing teeth. A female patient presenting with several common features of hypodontia. 3, pp. Brook proposed that microdontia and hypodontia are linked genetically as a continuum of tooth size, where a tooth will fail to develop if the tooth germ does not reach a particular tooth size and tooth number thresholds [27]. -, Nieminen P. Genetic basis of Tooth agenesis. Hypodontia isnt dangerous or life-threatening. All content on this website is provided as information only and does not in any way replace medical advice. 146151, 2005. An infertility diagnosis is given to a couple that has been unsuccessful in efforts to conceive over the course of one full year. C. J. Larmour, P. A. Mossey, B. S. Thind, A. H. Forgie, and D. R. Stirrups, Hypodontiaa retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. 59, supplement 1, pp. Only practice the advice given or validated by your dentist. Dental development and eruption in CLP patients Conclusions: There was a high variation in the prevalence of hypodontia between the studies. In general, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. 194, no. S. Arte, Phenotypic and genotypic features of familial hypodonita [Dissertation], University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2001. Find the best doctors for Toothache in Lahore. Neighbouring mesenchymal cells differentiate into odontoblasts, and these secrete an organic dentine matrix [24]. Check the data you entered. It is one of the most common dental anomalies, and can have a negative impact on function, and also appearance. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700715. 4, pp. Click here to book an appointment with top doctors for Cavities in Peshawar. Part 1: clinical and molecular aspects of non-syndromic dental disorders, European Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. Amanda specialises in writing informative content about dentistry. Several theories exist to decipher the cause of hypodontia, and most have focused on either genetic or environmental factors, although the importance of both components in the agenesis of teeth is now well recognised. Comparison of mesiodistal crown dimension and arch width in subjects with and without hypodontia. If you do not agree with these conditions and our. 320342, 2009. Kerekes-Mth B, Mrtha K, Bnescu C, O'Donnell MB, Brook AH. M. Alves-Ferreira, T. Pinho, A. Sousa, J. Sequeiros, C. Lemos, and I. Alonso, Identification of genetic risk factors for maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, Journal of Dental Research, vol. Hypodontia. 11, no. Meanwhile, approximately 46% of individuals with tooth agenesis also have short roots of other permanent teeth [8]. Other theories focused on an anatomical principle, based on the hypothesis that specific areas of the dental lamina are prone to environmental effects throughout tooth maturation [42]. Objectives: To assess the link between TA and the development of cancer. 472477, 1995. 165174, 1971. For these patients, hypodontia is a lifetime problem, which requires careful treatment planning in order to ensure best treatment outcomes. Some people naturally have teeth missing 1322, 2014. 5, pp. Hypodontia is defined as developmental absence of teeth. Mutations in MSX1 can also cause orofacial . It is not known whether individuals with hypodontia have characteristic skeletal features and growth patterns, although some evidence suggests that hypodontia patients have significantly different craniofacial features from those with no missing teeth [24]. It means that one or more teeth are congenitally missing and may be small. The most common cause of hypodontia is heredity, which means biological parents pass the condition to their children. 547552, 2012. 2732, 1997. The bone around the tooth sometimes isnt dense enough to safely insert the screw. Van't Hof, F. P. G. M. Van Der Linden, and A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman, A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol. 245251, 2003. Cheap Veneers for Teeth: Where to Get Them and What They Cost, Ancient Mutation Explains Missing Wisdom Teeth, Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): A review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment, Hypodontia: An Update on Its Etiology, Classification, and Clinical Management, What to Do If Your Child Is Missing a Permanent Tooth, Hypodontia as a risk marker for epithelial ovarian cancer: a case-controlled study, Best Dental Insurance that Covers Crowns with No Waiting Period, Dentist in Puerto Rico: Cost of Dental Implants and Where to go, Teeth Sensitive after Filling: How to Deal with Nerve and Tooth Pain. Hypodontia can occur alongside other conditions or treatments, such as: There are several genes responsible for hypodontia, including: Depending on the specific gene, inheritance can follow different modes. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies: a comparison between maxillary and mandibular tooth agenesis. N. Callahan, A. Modesto, R. Meira, F. Seymen, A. Patir, and A. R. Vieira, Axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) polymorphisms and tooth agenesis, Archives of Oral Biology, vol. At least 1 in 5 individuals lacks a third molar, while most individuals with hypodontia (80%) lack only one or two teeth [13, 14]. 3, pp. Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9%, depending on the population studied. Generalised spacing and rotations of teeth adjacent to missing mandibular second premolars are also commonly seen [31]. 1, pp. To book an appointment with the best Vitiligo specialists in Kasur visit Healthwire.pk or call 04232500989. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Studies of mutant mice and cultured tissue explants have examined the expression of numerous genes involved in tooth development and provided insight into inductive signalling and hierarchies of downstream transcription factors necessary for tooth development [54]. In these syndromes, there is a characteristic pattern of agenesis that is usually different from the overall population [4]. The prevalence of tooth agenesis in New Zealand appears to be consistent with that seen in Europe [11]. 274278, 2002. P. Nieminen, Genetic basis of Tooth agenesis, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, vol. Numerous factors, such as those from the fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), wingless related integration site (Wnt), bone morphogenic protein (Bmp), and hedgehog (Hh) families, take part in the signalling of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tooth development [40]. It is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, and this has been associated with lower incisor agenesis [23, 63]. 2, no. However, there are other treatments that can be used in the meantime to fill any gaps. However, there is no empirical evidence to support whether this apparent increase is due to more advanced screening and diagnosis or other factors. PMC There are various health issues that hypodontia can cause, including: Congenitally missing teeth treatment options can include one or more of the following procedures: Hypodontia treatment usually takes place once all of the baby teeth have fallen out (or been extracted) and the adult teeth have come through. Specifically, a person with hypodontia is missing one to six teeth (not counting wisdom teeth). J. 54, no. It can range from 1 (complete genetic control) to zero (complete environmental control [47]) but can exceed theoretical thresholds if dominant gene effects and acquired environmental effects are included [48]. An implant consists of a small metal screw secured in the jaw bone which supports a crown on top. Reproductive Infertility. 140, no. 48, 1996. Radiographic examination showed that 10 permanent teeth were missing, 6 in the maxilla and 4 in the mandible (Fig. 27, no. Because fertility in women is known to decline steadily with age, some providers evaluate and treat women aged 35 years or older after 6 months of unprotected sex. J. M. Clayton, Congenital dental anomalies occurring in 3557 children, ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children, vol. Hypodontia can have a marked psychosocial effect and functional implications for a growing child. 112, no. 38, no. The few studies that have been carried out provide some evidence that hypodontia may have an adverse impact on quality of life. Authors Azza Husam Al-Ani 1 , Joseph Safwat Antoun 1 , William Murray Thomson 1 , Tony Raymond Merriman 2 , Mauro Farella 1 Affiliations Hypodontia, also known as congenitally missing teeth, is a condition that means you are born with fewer teeth than normal. There are several causes that lead to hypodontia. It may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. 36, no. This condition is known as hypodontia or congenitally missing teeth (CMT). Microdontia is a condition where teeth are smaller than normal. Four morphological fields (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) were described in each jaw. 657660, 2002. eCollection 2022. Kim, Y.-G. Cha, S.-W. Cho et al., Inhibition of apoptosis in early tooth development alters tooth shape and size, Journal of Dental Research, vol. The mesenchyme surrounds the epithelium producing a cap stage, followed by a bell stage. Maxillary hypodontia was more prevalent (62.7 per cent) than mandibular hypodontia (37.3 per cent). 8, pp. Tooth agenesis and hypodontia are the preferred terms in this work, with the latter term limited to missing teeth other than third molars. Those who had no complaints at the time of presentation had retained primary teeth that masked the problem [75]. Tooth Sensitive to Air: How to Combat Winter Tooth Pain? (1988) related the agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors, the mandibular second premolars, and central incisors to the fact that they develop in areas of initial fusion of the jaw [44]. People with hypodontia may inherit the condition in one of four ways: Two copies of an abnormal gene one from each biological parent are necessary for hypodontia to develop. 68, no. Or, you can also call at 0917158555 from 9AM to 11PM to book your appointment. G. Galluccio, M. Castellano, and C. La Monaca, Genetic basis of non-syndromic anomalies of human tooth number, Archives of Oral Biology, vol. Disorders of tooth development and eruption Clinical Information Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. 617623, 2008. The University of Sheffield, School of Clinical . doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4809925. P. J. Wisth, K. Thunold, and O. E. Be, Frequency of hypodontia in relation to tooth size and dental arch width, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, vol. Fewer than six teeth missing is hypodontia. J. H. Nunn, N. E. Carter, T. J. Gillgrass et al., The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: background and role of paediatric dentistry, British Dental Journal, vol. 13471354, 2016. This subsequently degenerates leading to cementoblast development. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Indeed, the identification of environmental risks (particularly if they can be combined with genetic covariates) provides the best opportunity for prevention. B. gaard and O. Krogstad, Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. Non-syndromic hypodontia of maxillary lateral incisors and its association with other dental anomalies. Locker and coworkers reported similar findings, although the affected children had oligodontia [74]. L. Hansen, S. Kreiborg, H. Jarlov, E. Niebuhr, and H. Eiberg, A novel nonsense mutation in PAX9 is associated with marked variability in number of missing teeth, European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. 149155, 2013. Invisalign and other invisible braces can also work for moving the teeth as part of hypodontia treatment. 177, no. Hypodontia among primary teeth is a relatively rare oc-currence with a prevalence of less than 1%. There is some extra care that goes into looking after dentures, so if they are being used by a teenager as a stop-gap, make sure they know how to look after them correctly. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment in early infancy have also been implicated in the development of hypodontia [5, 67]. Into this matrix, hydroxyapatite crystals are deposited [24]. 3, pp. Book in-person or online video appointments with the help of up to date practice locations, reviews and fees and save upto 50%. 27, no. 34, no. 13, no. They can tell even before their baby teeth fall out. PAX9 is a transcription factor expressed in the tooth mesenchyme during tooth morphogenesis [60], with mutations in this gene being implicated in arresting tooth development at the bud stage. As such, the multifactorial nature of tooth agenesis entails a brief overview of tooth development and its genetic regulation. Most important is the assessment of the complaints of the patients and the parents. Its a form of dental agenesis a term healthcare providers use to describe congenitally missing teeth. Children can inherit hypodontia from their biological parents. 2 and 3, Table 1). 92, no. Developmental Disturbances Of The Teeth, Anomalies Of Number. Infertility is "a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse." 1 According to the CDC, approximately 12% of women aged 15 to 44 years (regardless of marital status) have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term. Many rare diseases have limited information. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), which is characterised by sparse hair, fewer and smaller teeth, and a lack of sweat glands [42]. Before Learnmore. T. Pinho, C. Ciriaco, J. Faber, and M. A. Lenza, Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile aesthetics, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. 155, no. Other terms, such as hypodontia, are more suitable for classifying the type of tooth agenesis present and may be more appropriate in this context [7]. Archives of Oral Biology. However, the children were reexamined in another study and the authors reported that there were no changes in the craniofacial structures from 9 to 16 years of age to children without hypodontia [36]. Accessibility 2022 Dec 26;2022:1045327. doi: 10.1155/2022/1045327. The decision on whether the treatment plan involves space closure or opening of the spaces of the missing mandibular second premolar depends on factors such as age of the patient; degree of inherent crowding; state of the deciduous teeth; type of malocclusion; and the circumstances of the patient (finances, attitude towards treatment, etc.). 116, no. E. Laing, S. J. Cunningham, S. Jones, D. Moles, and D. Gill, Psychosocial impact of hypodontia in children, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. Hypodontia is recognized as an inherited state that is being categorized by developmentally missing teeth. 1980 Aug;101(2):283-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0186. Most congenitally missing teeth cases are wisdom teeth, or third molars. Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. A. Ouz, S. etiner, C. Karadeniz, G. Alpaslan, C. Alpaslan, and G. Pinarli, Long-term effects of chemotherapy on orodental structures in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. Treatments include bridges, dentures, dental implants and orthodontics. 1, pp. 183212, 2013. B. J. Polder, M. A. There are one to two recessive abnormal genes on the X chromosomes. H. Vastardis, N. Karimbux, S. W. Guthua, J. G. Seidman, and C. E. Seidman, A human MSX1 homeodomain missense mutation causes selective tooth agenesis, Nature Genetics, vol. 110, 2008. J. An association exists between hypodontia in the primary and permanent dentitions, with reports of children with primary teeth hypodontia showing absence of the corresponding successor teeth [8, 9]. Don't worry, we won't share your email with any third parties. Several studies have suggested that intrauterine conditions could be involved in the aetiology of hypodontia, such as with thalidomide. A prevalence of less than 1% has been described in Caucasian populations [4], although it has been reported to be much higher in Japanese populations [10]. 173181, 1980. Consulted 7 August 2019. 14691475, 2000. 92, no. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Implants are a long-lasting option and should look and function like natural teeth. However, there are few procedures which can correct the . Infertility is a condition that affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples. 81, no. Although numerous studies in the literature report on the prevalence, aetiology, and treatment of hypodontia, only few have investigated OHRQoL in individuals with hypodontia [73]. Oligodontia and Facial Phenotype Associated with a Rare Syndrome. Twin and family studies have determined that agenesis of lateral incisors and premolars is inherited via an autosomal dominant gene, with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity [7, 8, 13, 32, 4952]. The most common symptom of hypodontia is being born missing one to six teeth. A series of genetically controlled successive molecular interactions are involved in the development of teeth [41, 42]. 201206, 1974. Hindawi: Hypodontia: An Update on Its Etiology, Classification, and Clinical Management. doi: 10.1002/wdev.66. Hypodontia and oligodontia both relate to the same problem, its just the number of congenitally missing permanent teeth that changes. 267274, 1998. Secondary enamel knots control cusp formation in premolars and molars [38]. Our guide to cleft palates and lips can give you a lot more information about the causes and treatments of clefts. An x-ray makes it possible to see if there are any congenitally missing permanent teeth in children. 2015 Spring;39(3):199-207. doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-39.3.198. Some scientists suggest that hypodontia is evolutionary. V. Kokich Jr., Early management of congenitally missing teeth, Seminars in Orthodontics, vol. 4, pp. 4, pp. A new doctoral thesis from the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Oslo has examined how it is possible to better help these children. 9, pp. The prevalence of hypodontia, which may be increasing with time, ranges from 1.6% to 36.5%, depending on the population studied [1]. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/16/2022. Hypodontia is a very common dental problem; so common that scientists think it may be part of our evolution to not need as many teeth! Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9%, depending on the population studied. Chapter 25. S3S17, 2009. Hypodontia, also known as tooth agenesis, refers to a congenital condition where an individual is missing teeth. 245249, 2014. In addition, an association between taurodontism and hypodontia was found in a Dutch study, where taurodontism of the lower first molars was present in 29% of oligodontia patients but only 10% of controls [29]. Moreover, patients with hypodontia have been found to experience more difficulty in chewing due to a smaller occlusal table. If yes, it will be provided on Medicaid for children, and potentially for adults. Its phenotypic presentation is varied in terms of severity and, as a result, various terms have been used to describe it. Because hypodontia is usually hereditary, theres nothing you can do to keep it from happening. M. J. Boruchov and L. J. 19, no. Williams syndrome. Some of these features are evident in Figure 1. Tooth agenesis does not seem to affect the maxilla and the mandible differently [15], although there was one early study that found the mandible to be more frequently affected than the maxilla [18]. For the other teeth, such as the second mandibular premolar, unilateral agenesis was more common [15]. Upper lateral incisors (the smaller teeth on either side of your top two front teeth). In this case, the hypodontia is less noticeable but it's likely that the remaining baby tooth will experience problems at some point, such as breakage or decay. Advanced Search Citation Search. 32, no. Hypodontia specifically refers to one to six missing teeth. 213218, 2004. If you have microdontia, meaning there is some tooth there but it is smaller than it should be, you may be able to have the rest of the tooth built up with composite or a veneer added as a cover. J. Fleischmannova, E. Matalova, A. S. Tucker, and P. T. Sharpe, Mouse models of tooth abnormalities, European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. A later theory hypothesised that the last of each class were vestigial bodies that became obsolete during the evolution process [43]. Many studies have demonstrated a strong genetic influence in hypodontia. M. T. Cobourne, Familial human hypodontiais it all in the genes? British Dental Journal, vol. 589600, 1996. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Hypodontia: Congenitally Missing Teeth Causes and Treatments. 3, pp. 25% chance of having a son who has hypodontia. A. MacKenzie, M. W. J. Ferguson, and P. T. Sharpe, Expression patterns of the homeobox gene, Hox-8, in the mouse embryo suggest a role in specifying tooth initiation and shape, Development, vol. 7, no. R. Ranta, A review of tooth formation in children with cleft lip/palate, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. 2, pp. 237244, 2007. Most currently, there is a theory that evolutionary change is working to reduce the human dentition by the loss of an incisor, premolar, and molar in each quadrant. Y. Schalk-van der Weide, W. H. Steen, and F. Bosman, Taurodontism and length of teeth in patients with oligodontia, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol. Microdontia is a widely reported feature of hypodontia in case reports and case series [19]. Treatments available for congenitally missing adult teeth, Issues with speaking and word pronunciation, Psychological issues due to the esthetics of missing teeth, Old baby teeth becoming broken or decayed, Extraction (if old baby teeth remain in place). Theres one dominant abnormal gene on the X chromosome. Moreover, recent data suggests that hypodontia shares some common pathways with particular kinds of cancer [23]. Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the aetiology of hypodontia, with the latter playing a more significant role. The missing teeth can occur anywhere in your mouth except your wisdom teeth. 151159, 1997. Hypodontia is the most common craniofacial malformation in humans, as it may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. Space issues within the dental arch are multifactorial in origin. When the cause is lies with the female partner, it is referred to as female infertility. What Does Hypodontia Look Like? 1% respectively. Missing wisdom teeth might have something to do with our jaws changing size as our brains developed, whilst hypodontia in premolars and incisors might have come about because were not having to chew through as much raw meat as our ancestors did. People with congenitally missing teeth typically fall into two camps: those with a space where a permanent tooth should be, and those with a baby tooth still hanging on for dear life where a permanent tooth should be. You can be diagnosed with hypodontia if there are any congenitally missing permanent teeth in your mouth. Most cases present as unilateral hypodontia, with mostly one or two teeth missing [8]. It is associated with the group of skin and nerve syndromes called the ectodermal dysplasias. Northeast Ohio 216.444.8500 Appointments & Locations Request an Appointment Symptoms and Causes There are a few different systems and our article about tooth bridges goes into lots of detail about the options. The occurrence of hypodontia for each tooth type in relation to gender is presented in Table 1. I. Kjr, G. Kocsis, M. Nodal, and L. R. Christensen, Aetiological aspects of mandibular tooth agenesis-focusing on the role of nerve, oral mucosa, and supporting tissues, European Journal of Orthodontics, vol. While it is not known whether individuals with hypodontia have characteristic skeletal features and growth patterns, several clinical features are commonly seen, including microdontia, transposition of permanent teeth, ectopic permanent teeth, and infraocclusion of primary molar teeth [81]. One issue to be aware of is that implants may not be suitable if you have a missing premolar (which is one of the most common congenitally missing teeth). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 6, pp. Read more about Medicaid and Medicare dental coverage. -, Cobourne M. T., Sharpe P. T. Diseases of the tooth: the genetic and molecular basis of inherited anomalies affecting the dentition. Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. 167178, 2011. Upper second premolars (the teeth just in front of your molars on the top). Williams syndrome is a rare genetic condition that can affect the development of facial features.. At present two mutated genes in humans, MSX1 1 and PAX9 ,2 are known to cause missing permanent teeth. Notably, more adults are seeking orthodontic treatment. 101107, 1970. 4549, 2009. 23, no. 99, no. In some cases, infants and young children may develop hypodontia if they had certain illnesses, infections or treatments (like chemotherapy or radiation) during their tooth development phase. 23, pp. such as infertility, obesity, hormone replacement therapy, early menarche, late menopause, and tobacco and alcohol use.32 We conducted a study to establish and compare 3, pp. E. Svinhufvud, S. Myllarniemi, and R. Norio, Dominant inheritance of tooth malpositions and their association to hypodontia, Clinical Genetics, vol. Following this, the cementoblasts produce cementum on the root [39]. (1994) argued that the region where development of innervation is last is the most sensitive one [45]. Grahnn was first to count hypodontia as a hereditary anomaly and deemed that the transmission is determined by a dominant autosome, with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity [46]. The more mesial tooth in each field was proposed to be the more genetically stable and as a result was seldom absent [24], while the teeth at the end of each field were less genetically stable. 2, pp. A. L. Symons, F. Stritzel, and J. Stamation, Anomalies associated with hypodontia of the permanent lateral incisor and second premolar, The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, vol. Should my child or I have further testing to find out if I have other genetic disorders. Be consistent with that seen in Europe [ 11 ] teeth ( CMT ) unilateral hypodontia with. Incisors, canines, premolars, and these secrete an organic dentine matrix [ 24 ] prevalence of less 1. Any congenitally missing permanent teeth in children as tooth agenesis, is the most common of... 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And function like natural teeth data suggests that hypodontia may have an adverse on... Functional implications for a growing child up to date practice locations, and. Book in-person or online video appointments with the group of skin and nerve syndromes called the ectodermal dysplasias disorders... Per cent ) than mandibular hypodontia ( 37.3 per cent ) within the dental are. Dec 26 ; 2022:1045327. doi: 10.1155/2022/1045327 are a long-lasting option and should look and function natural... Its a form of dental anomalies to cleft palates and lips can you... Reports and case series [ 19 ] Kokich Jr., early Management of congenitally teeth... Teeth on either side of your top two front teeth ) that one or more teeth are than... Than 1 % that has been unsuccessful in efforts to conceive over the course of one full year genetically! Factors are involved in the aetiology of hypodontia, with the best for...